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This endogenous retroviral envelope protein has retained its original fusogenic properties and participates in trophoblast fusion and the formation of a syncytium during placenta morphogenesis. The interaction with MFSD2A is apparently important for this process.; Endogenous envelope proteins may have kept, lost or modified their original function during evolution but this one can still make pseudotypes with MLV, HIV-1 or SIV-1 virions and confer infectivity. Retroviral envelope proteins mediate receptor recognition and membrane fusion during early infection. The surface protein mediates receptor recognition, while the transmembrane protein anchors the envelope heterodimer to the viral membrane through one transmembrane domain. The other hydrophobic domain, called fusion peptide, mediates fusion of the viral membrane with the target cell membrane.
基因功能參考文獻:
genetic predisposition in ERVFRDE-1 may be associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. This polymorphism is possibly involved in the regulation of syncytin-2 expression in preeclamptic placenta. PMID: 29750965
N-glycans at residues 133, 312, 332 and 443 of syncytin-2 are required for optimal fusion induction, and that single-nucleotide polymorphism C46R, N118S, T367M, R417H, V483I and T522M can alter the fusogenic function of syncytin-2. PMID: 26853155
Decreased syncytin-2 and MFSD2 proteins in gestational diabetic placentas might cause abnormal syncytiotrophoblast formation and possibly be involved in the pathology PMID: 26875564
ERVWE1, ERVFRDE1 and ERV3 transcription was down-regulated in hydatidiform moles and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. PMID: 26992684
These results thereby demonstrate that induced expression of Syncytin-2 is highly dependent on the interaction of bZIP-containing transcription factors to a CRE/AP-1 motif and that this element is important for the regulation of Syncytin-2 expression PMID: 25781974
MFSD2a, the Syncytin-2 receptor, is important for trophoblast fusion. PMID: 23177091
results further highlighted the existence of a correlation between the extent of the decrease in the expression levels of both syncytins 1 and 2 fusogenic proteins and the degree of severity of preeclampsia symptoms PMID: 21493955
Analysis of non-spliced ERVFRDE1 mRNAs and env mRNAs detected efficient splicing of endogenously expressed RNAs in trophoblastic but not in non-placental cells. PMID: 21771862
The crystal structure of a central fragment of syncytin 2 "fossil" ectodomain is reported, allowing a remarkable superposition with the structures of the corresponding domains of present-day infectious retroviruses PMID: 16140326
immunolocalized only in the villous trophoblast of the chorionic villi, at the level of cytotrophoblastic cells PMID: 16714059
findings show that in both humans and mice, one of the two syncytins (human syncytin-2 and mouse syncytin-B) is immunosuppressive and, rather unexpectedly, the other (human syncytin-1 and mouse syncytin-A) is not PMID: 18077339
Syncytin 2 expression illustrates the abnormal trophoblast differentiation observed in placenta of fetal T21-affected pregnancies. PMID: 18215254
expression decreased in preeclamptic placentas; may function as a second fusogenic protein for placental cell fusion PMID: 18650494
These results highlight the importance of Syncytin-2 in BeWo and primary human trophoblast cell fusion. PMID: 19616006