The image on the left is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human tonsil tissue using CSB-PA281135(FST Antibody) at dilution 1/35, on the right is treated with synthetic peptide. (Original magnification: ×200)
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Binds directly to activin and functions as an activin antagonist. Specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
基因功能參考文獻(xiàn):
these studies suggest that follistatin expression in invasive breast cancer is unrelated to the disease severity and the risk of recurrence, but is more intense in estrogen receptor -negative tumors PMID: 27389553
Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed no significant association between FS288 and AMHC , suggesting that FS288 indirectly regulates AMH signaling. Activin A, a direct target of FS288, did not itself induce reporter activity in P19 cells, but did prevent the FS288-induced increase in AMH signaling. Hence, local concentrations of FS288 and Activin A may influence the response of some cell types to AMH. PMID: 28500669
results suggest a role for FST as a suppressor of invasion and metastasis in breast cancer PMID: 28647698
These data indicate that FST is a bona fide metastasis suppressor in this mouse model and support future efforts to develop an FST mimetic to suppress metastatic progression. PMID: 28583174
These findings indicate that muscle-specific Fst overexpression in pigs enhances skeletal muscle growth, at least partly due to myofiber hypertrophy and providing a promising approach to increase muscle mass in pigs and other livestock. PMID: 27787698
High follistatin expression is associated with lung adenocarcinoma. PMID: 26950277
FST and KLK6 may have significance in breast cancer detection PMID: 27168011
Follistatin and activin A are higher in MI than in CAD suggesting increased release due to myocardial necrosis. They can predict MI with accuracy similar to CK-MB PMID: 28732565
The activin-A to follistatin ratio may play a role in determining the clinical phenotype of preterm birth as preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes. PMID: 27159193
Low follistatin expression is associated with liver cirrhosis. PMID: 27399349
Follistatin levels are associated with circulating leptin levels and display a day-night rhythm and a menstrual cycle, but not a seasonal, variation. PMID: 27621181
Within the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group of patients, follistatin was associated with steatohepatitis independently from activin A PMID: 27621190
annexin A2 but not follistatin is expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma PMID: 26189841
FST plays a role in tumourigenesis, metastasis and angiogenesis of solid tumours through its interaction with activin and BMPs, thus resulting in pathophysiological function. In terms of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, FST has shown strong promise PMID: 27807065
Study shows that INHBA and FST are induced by seminal fluid in cervical tissues and thus, may contribute to regulation of the post-coital response in women. PMID: 26415587
Circulating follistatin may be a marker of the glucagon-to-insulin tone on the liver PMID: 26652766
serum concentrations positively associated with serum free thyroxine levels in hyperthyroid or euthyroid patients PMID: 26844494
We report here an original observation that activin-B is upregulated in the human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung. PMID: 25361680
changes in Follistatin levels during pregnancy contribute to the control of the activin A system PMID: 25565002
Two angiogenic factors, follistatin (and HGF) are associated with prognosis in esophageal cancer patients. PMID: 25885021
Adenomyotic tissues express high levels of myostatin, follistatin, and activin type II receptors. PMID: 26086422
an imbalance between activin-A and follistatin contributes to the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and COPD PMID: 24232707
Circulating follistatin levels are reduced in gestational diabetes mellitus and are positively associated with fetal growth and neonatal adiposity. PMID: 24763182
higher than normal serum values common in H1N1 infection but found no association with the severity of respiratory failure PMID: 24885241
data strongly support that up-regulation of FST in chondrocytes by skeletal dysplasia-inducing TRPV4 mutations contributes to disease pathogenesis. PMID: 24577120
Follistatin, by its ability to neutralize the actions of activin A may be of value as an antifibrotic for radiation induced fibrosis. PMID: 24204752
Plasma follistatin is moderately elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes. PMID: 23564759
It is considered to have a significant role during tumor progression by influencing angiogenesis and metastasis. Thus, it serum level is a good tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 23432377
These results suggest that FOXL2 may act as a tumor suppressor in human adult-type GCTs by inducing follistatin expression, which subsequently inhibits activin-stimulated cell proliferation. PMID: 24332943
study found that causative mutations in the coding region of the FST gene are rare in Chinese women with idiopathic premature ovarian failure PMID: 23113792
In cultured endometrioma stromal cells, Il-1beta and TNF-alpha induced follistatin mRNA and protein. PMID: 23171678
FOXL2 expression is required for GDF-9 stimulation of follistatin transcription. PMID: 23523567
methylation levels of CpG sites in the FST promoter and 5'-UTR are not associated with polycystic ovary syndrome PMID: 23265961
The intrinsic PK/PD properties of native FST315 are poorly suited for acting as a parentally administered biotherapeutic with broad systemic effects. PMID: 23249626
Serum measurements of activin A, B, or follistatin cannot discriminate risk for type 2 diabetes in individual patients, but the activins display a positive relationship with clinical parameters of the disease. PMID: 23304117
The present study demonstrated that serum follistatin is not significantly altered in peritoneal or deep infiltrating endometriosis and has limited diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma. PMID: 22416010
Binding of a specific ligand to FS288 differentially regulates its affinity and behavior for heparin molecules. PMID: 22809401
FST is known to be an inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which, coupled with the ability of TGF-beta2 to upregulate FST levels, may indicate a possible role of FST in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. PMID: 23010638
The occurrence of the exonic variants of follistatin gene seems to be dependent on the ethnic background of the subjects under study and its role in the polycystic ovary syndrome pathophysiology cannot be established with hitherto available evidence. PMID: 23023351
Findings suggest a function for breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) as a regulator of follistatin (FST) expression and function in ovarian cells. PMID: 22685544
Myostatin may have a role in abdominal obesity, androgen and follistatin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome PMID: 22693174
After eccentric exercise, postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy (HT) expressed higher levels of follistatin while postmenopausal women using HT showed a significant increased expression over controls. PMID: 22395277
Follistatin showed highly significant positive associations to the intrafollicular concentrations of antimullerian hormone and inhibin B. PMID: 21846490
LIR was able to induce gains in 1RM and quadriceps CSA similar to those observed after traditional HI. These responses may be related to the concomitant decrease in MSTN and increase in FLST isoforms, GASP-1, and SMAD-7 mRNA gene expression. PMID: 21900845
analysis of candidate genes revealed four genes that influence fertility: CGB/LHB gene cluster (p = 0.0036), FSHR (p = 0.023), FST (p = 0.023), and INHB; none of the independent SNPs in these genes predicted mortality PMID: 21222045
increased follistatin levels occurred with inflammation, reduced muscle strength, and low bone mineral density, suggesting an involvement of a mechanism including follistatin in the uremic wasting process PMID: 21350111
Disturbed expression of endometrial activin A, cripto , and follistatin suggests a dysfunction of the activin pathway in endometriosis/endometrioma. PMID: 21496809
Effects of training and androgens on MYOPRO and FOLLI concentrations in blood and skeletal muscle, were investigated. PMID: 20801187
Nucleolar follistatin promotes cancer cell survival under glucose-deprived conditions through inhibiting cellular rRNA synthesis. PMID: 20843798
Changes in hepatically metabolised follistatin during and after exercise are reported. PMID: 21068158
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亞細(xì)胞定位:
Secreted.
組織特異性:
Isoform 1 is the predominant isoform in serum but is undetectable in follicular fluid. In the embryo, strong expression is seen in the palatal epithelia, including the medial edge epithelial and midline epithelial seam of the palatal shelves. Less pronoun