ITM2B Antibody, HRP conjugated

1. Bri2 BRICHOS monomers potently prevent neuronal network toxicity of amyloid-beta peptide (A-beta), while dimers strongly suppress A-beta fibril formation. PMID: 29234026
2. Bri2 BRICHOS domain is a potent inhibitor of IAPP fibril formation.Bri2 is highly expressed in human pancreatic islets and beta cells and colocalizes with IAPP both intracellularly and in islet amyloid deposits. PMID: 29507232
3. ITM2B is expressed in most cortical neurons, neurons of the hippocampus and dentate nucleus, cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells, and (newly described here) in focal neurons in the basal ganglia, many neurons of the thalamus and brainstem, many cells in the ependyma and choroid plexus, and in the smooth muscle of blood vessels. ITM2B expression is prominent in plaques in AD-containing dystrophic neurites PMID: 26862951
4. by modulating BRI2 processing using an ADAM10 inhibitor, a dual role for BRI2 in neurite outgrowth is suggested: phosphorylated full-length BRI2 appears to be important for the formation of neuritic processes, and BRI2 NTF promotes neurite elongation. PMID: 28176357
5. Familial British dementia (FBD) and familial Danish dementia (FDD) are caused by mutations in the BRI2 gene. PMID: 28131015
6. when BRI2 is phosphorylated a significant increase in neuronal outgrowth and differentiation is evident PMID: 26515131
7. familial Danish dementia mutation and pE posttranslational modification are primary elements driving intact ADan into an amyloidogenic/neurotoxic pathway while truncations at the C-terminus eliminate the pro-amyloidogenic characteristics of the molecule PMID: 26459115
8. Data depict roles for Bri2 and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) proteins in a long-term memory regulation pathway. A single mutation in one Itm2b/Bri2 allele can affect both long-term and working memory, while ApoE4 seems to regulate short-term/working memory. PMID: 26528887
9. Cystine-linked oligomers of ABri are toxic to neurons and block long-term potentiation. PMID: 25957407
10. Data indicate integral membrane 2B (ITM2B) as a target of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 protein (BCL6) repression in lymphoma. PMID: 25557390
11. Data indicate that the mutation originates the highly amyloidogenic molecule integral membrane protein 2B ABri. PMID: 25261792
12. This review support the hypothesis that BRI2 change during disease devel-opment, and thus may have a role in Alzheimer disease. PMID: 24473189
13. It binds amyloid precursor protein to halt amyloid-b production and inhibits amyloid-b aggregation via its BRICHOS-domain suggesting a link between BRI2 and Alzheimer's disease (AD) PMID: 24524963
14. Findings highlight pathogenic mechanism(s) associated with ITM2B mutations underlying dementia or retinal disease and add a new candidate to the list of genes involved in inherited retinal dystrophies. PMID: 24026677
15. Structural modeling of transmembrane (BRICHOS) domains of BRI2/ITM2B and SFTPC (pulmonary surfactant protein C) precursor identifies conserved region structurally complementary to beta-sheet/amyloid-prone region in BRICHOS domain-containing proteins. PMID: 24099305
16. These results suggest that BRI2 may prevent access of BACE1 to APP and the BRI2/BACE1 interaction may mediate the reduction in BACE1 levels. PMID: 23701002
17. Similarities of ABri and ADan to Abeta in Alzheimer's disease suggest that posttranslational pGlu-modification of amyloid peptides might represent general pathological mechanism leading to increased aggregation and toxicity forms of degenerative dementias. PMID: 23261769
18. Data indicate that double transgenic (Tg-FDD-Tau) mice showed a significant decrease in synaptophysin levels. PMID: 23418567
19. Neurological effects of the Danish form of BRI2 dementia caused by toxic amyloid Abeta protein precursor metabolites suggest that familial Danish and Alzheimer's dementias share common pathogenic mechanisms. PMID: 21841249
20. BRI2 is a specific inhibitor that reduces access of secretase to amyloid-betaprecursor protein (APP) in intracellular compartments where APP is normally processed. PMID: 19748705
21. BRI2 is N-glycosylated at Asn170 and show that this post-translational modification is essential for its expression at the cell surface but not for its proteolytic processing. PMID: 21752865
22. The alpha-helical content of the transmembrane domain of the British dementia protein-2 (Bri2) determines its processing by signal peptide peptidase-like 2b (SPPL2b). PMID: 22194595
23. BRI2 protein regulates beta-amyloid degradation by increasing levels of secreted insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). PMID: 21873424
24. Knock-in mice with familial Danish dementia, a mouse model congruous to human disease since they carry one mutant and one wild-type Bri2 allele, show that the Danish mutation causes loss of Bri2 protein, synaptic plasticity and memory impairment. PMID: 21587206
25. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid levels of Bri2-23, a peptide cleaved from Bri2, significantly associates with multiple scleerosis patients with cerebellar dysfunction and cognition impairment. PMID: 20600910
26. The British mutation drastically reduces expression of mature BRI2 in both knock-in mice and the brains of familial British dementia patients. PMID: 21048150
27. BRI2 dimerizes in cells and that dimers are held via non-covalent interactions and via disulfide bridges between the cysteines at position 89. Additionally, we showed that BRI2 dimers are formed in the ER and appear at the cell surface. PMID: 18440095
28. These data suggest a model for how the processing of Bri2 and APP are interrelated. PMID: 20036644
29. oxidized form of ABri and reduced form of ADan are toxic to human neuronal cell lines in culture PMID: 12196136
30. Data show that the expression of BRI gene was up-regulated in the highly metastatic cell line and down-regulated in the low metastatic cell line and there was no relation between BRI gene differential expression and rearrangements of chromosome. PMID: 12903036
31. While a physiological role of BRI in brain remains to be determined, the behavior of BRI in diverse brain lesions appears to be somewhat analogous to that of amyloid precursor protein. PMID: 14586629
32. expression of wild-type British or Danish mutants of BRI2, in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells that do not express endogenous BRI2, induces elongation of neurites, which suggests a role for this protein in differentiation of neuronal cells PMID: 14656991
33. Mutations at or near the stop codon of the chromosome 13 gene BRI2 that cause generation of longer-than-normal protein products. PMID: 15968464
34. BRI2 gene binds the Alzheimer gene amyloid-beta precursor protein and inhibits amyloid-beta production PMID: 15983050
35. BRI2 had a modulatory effect on amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, increasing levels of cellular APP and COOH-terminal fragments while decreasing COOH-terminal fragments and secretion of total APP and Abeta peptides. PMID: 16027166
36. early-onset dementia is linked to specific mutations in the BRI2 {REVIEW} PMID: 16612984
37. SPPL2a and SPPL2b mediate the intramembrane cleavage, whereas neither SPP nor SPPL3 is capable of processing the Bri2 N-terminal fragment. PMID: 17965014
38. in familial British dementia the mutated precursor BRi2 protein may undergo furin cleavage within neurones to produce the amyloid peptide ABri PMID: 18282158
39. Expression of wild-type human ITM2B reduces cerebral amyloid beta deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 18524908
40. BRI3 inhibits the various processing of amyloid protein precursor by blocking the access of alpha- and beta-secretases in a manner unlike BRI2. PMID: 19366692

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HGNC: 6174

OMIM: 117300

KEGG: hsa:9445

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000367828

UniGene: Hs.643683