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  4. Recombinant Human Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial (GLS), partial, Biotinylated

Recombinant Human Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial (GLS), partial, Biotinylated

  • 中文名稱：
    人GLS重組蛋白
  • 貨號：
    CSB-EP009528HU(F1)-B
  • 規(guī)格：
    ￥2832
  • 圖片：
    • (Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
  • 其他：

產品詳情

  • 純度：
    Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
  • 生物活性：
    Not Test
  • 基因名：
  • Uniprot No.：
  • 別名：
    GLS;K-glutaminase;L-glutamine amidohydrolase
  • 種屬：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 蛋白長度：
    Partial
  • 來源：
    E.coli
  • 分子量：
    54.1
  • 表達區(qū)域：
    616-669aa
  • 氨基酸序列
    KDRWNNTPMDEALHFGHHDVFKILQEYQVQYTPQGDSDNGKENQTVHKNLDGLL
    Note: The complete sequence including tag sequence, target protein sequence and linker sequence could be provided upon request.
  • 蛋白標簽：
    N-terminal MBP-tagged and C-terminal 6xHis-Avi-tagged
  • 產品提供形式：
    Liquid or Lyophilized powder
    Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.
  • 緩沖液：
    If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose.
  • 復溶：
    We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20℃/-80℃. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
  • 儲存條件：
    Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 保質期：
    The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
    Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
  • 貨期：
    Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
  • 注意事項：
    Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4℃ for up to one week.
  • Datasheet & COA：
    Please contact us to get it.

產品評價

靶點詳情

  • 功能：
    Catalyzes the first reaction in the primary pathway for the renal catabolism of glutamine. Plays a role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis. Regulates the levels of the neurotransmitter glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.; Lacks catalytic activity.
  • 基因功能參考文獻：
    1. Overexpressing glutaminase abolished the inhibitory effects of miR-1-3p on bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and glutaminase depletion resulted in the prolonged expression of gammaH2AX, an established biomarker for DNA damage. PMID: 30458442
    2. These results reveal that GAC is post-translationally regulated by phosphorylation, which affects cellular glutamine metabolism and glutaminase-related cell phenotype. PMID: 30092248
    3. In silico analysis potentially links GLS SNPs with Alzheimer disease and type 2 diabetes. PMID: 29441491
    4. Del11q-positive CLL lymphocytes exhibit altered glutamine metabolism and differential response to GLS1 and glucose metabolism inhibition. PMID: 29367649
    5. Overexpression of miR-513c suppresses neuroblastoma cells' migration, invasion, and proliferation. We demonstrate the glutaminase (GLS) is a direct target of miR-513c in human neuroblastoma cells. PMID: 28800318
    6. the present findings enriched our knowledge by demonstrating a significant association of PKM2 and GLS1 with oxaliplatin-resistance in CRC. PMID: 28498807
    7. miR-137 was decreased in melanoma tissue, and the low miR-137 levels and high glutaminase expression are independent risk factors in melanoma. miR-137 suppressed the proliferation and glutamine catabolism of melanoma cells. PMID: 29097210
    8. ZIC5 positively regulated the proliferation, migration (Fig. 2), and survival (Fig. 5) of PCa and CRC cells PMID: 29032577
    9. the crystal structure of full-length KGA and present a small-angle X-ray scattering model for full-length GLS2. These structures explain these proteins' compromised ability to assemble into catalytically active supra-tetrameric filaments, as previously shown for GAC. PMID: 28526749
    10. GLS1 inhibition using BPTES reduced metabolic intermediates including thymidine and carbamoyl phosphate. Reduction of thymidine and carbamoyl-phosphate synthesis by BPTES treatment exacerbated pyrimidine supply by combination with 5-FU, which induced cell death synergistically in NSCLC PMID: 27338638
    11. studies show that the formation of large GAC oligomers is not a pre-requisite for full enzymatic activity. They also offer a mechanism by which the binding of activators like inorganic phosphate enables the activation loop to communicate with the active site to ensure maximal rates of catalysis, and promotes the opening of the lid to achieve optimal product release. PMID: 27542409
    12. Glutaminase expression in tumor cells was significantly associated with a low level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytesand poor disease-free survival in triple-negative breast cancers presenting with lymph node metastasis and high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. PMID: 28185053
    13. Study reports that GLS1 is a direct target of miR-23a in retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE) providing evidence for a role in maintaining RPE cell function. PMID: 27411920
    14. The relative expression of microRNA-153 and glutaminase in glioblastoma versus matched non-tumor tissues showed a reverse correlation, further indicating that microRNA-153 may negatively regulate glutaminase in vivo. PMID: 28218035
    15. High GLS1 expression is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer. PMID: 26771232
    16. Data suggest that glutaminase C (GAC) inhibition maybe a potential treatment strategy for acquired erlotinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PMID: 26575584
    17. Findings indicate a role for transcription factor c-Jun as a driver of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, and suggest that cancers overexpressing JUN may be especially sensitive to glutaminase (GLS)-targeted therapies. PMID: 27089238
    18. GLS1 was identified as a potential downstream target of the miR-192/-204-HOTTIP axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 26710269
    19. Our findings support the role of the GLS long microsatellite in the development of HE; this could be important for identifying susceptible patients and for the prevention of this condition. PMID: 25880019
    20. GABAergic neurons and astrocytes express Gls and Gls2 isoenzymes in nucleus and mitochondria, in addition to glutamatergic neurons PMID: 25297978
    21. studies demonstrate that GLS is required for tumorigenesis and support small molecule and genetic inhibition of GLS as potential approaches for targeting the tumor cell-autonomous dependence on GLS for cancer therapy. PMID: 25915584
    22. GLS1 has a key role in coupling glutaminolysis of the TCA cycle with elevated glucose uptake and consequently the growth of prostate cancer cells PMID: 25482439
    23. These results suggest that the expression of GLS1 is upregulated and correlates with clinicopathological factors in colorectal cancer. PMID: 24696726
    24. Silencing GLS or overexpressing GLS2 induces growth inhibition in glioma cell lines. PMID: 24276018
    25. our data indicate that ErbB2 activation promotes GLS1 expression via a PI3K-Akt-independent NF-kappaB pathway in breast cancer cells, identifying another oncogenic signaling pathway which stimulates GLS1 expression PMID: 24122876
    26. The rate of Glu decarboxylation into GABA by Glnase is an order of magnitude lower than that of Glutamate decarboxylase. Potential impact on the mechanistic aspects of Gln-Glu shuttle in neuroscience and glutaminolysis in tumors, is discussed. PMID: 24755074
    27. STAT1 regulates human glutaminase 1 promoter activity PMID: 24086752
    28. Inhibition of glutaminase selectively suppresses the growth of primary acute myeloid leukemia cells with IDH mutations. PMID: 24333121
    29. A glutaminase inhibitor reduced conversion of (13)C-pyruvate to alanine. PMID: 23722553
    30. HER2- type breast cancer had the highest expression of stromal GLS1, tumoral GDH, stromal GDH, and tumoral ASCT, while TNBC had the lowest tumoral GDH expression. PMID: 23507704
    31. activated glutaminase C (GAC) self-assembles into a helical, fiber-like double-stranded oligomer and propose a molecular model consisting of seven tetramer copies per turn per strand interacting via the N-terminal domains PMID: 23935106
    32. stromal expression of the glutamine-metabolism-related proteins GLS1, GDH, ASCT2 increases with worsening histological phyllodes tumor grade. PMID: 23636801
    33. neuronal glutaminase is a potential component of neurotoxicity during inflammation and modulation of glutaminase may provide therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative diseases. PMID: 23578284
    34. NSCLC cell lines depend on Gln for glutaminolysis to a varying degree, in which the GLS1 splice variant GAC plays an essential role and is a potential target for cancer metabolism-directed therapy. PMID: 22892846
    35. Data indicate that both HIV-1 infection and IFN-alpha treatment increase glutaminase 1 (GLS1) expression through STAT1 phosphorylation and by binding to the GLS1 promoter. PMID: 22479354
    36. KGA activity in cells is stimulated by EGF, and KGA associates with all three kinase components of the Raf-1/Mek2/Erk signaling module. PMID: 22538822
    37. Inhibition of Gls1 kills lung cancer cells that overexpress MYC and catabolize glutamine. PMID: 22326218
    38. GLS1 differs from PFKFB3 in that its recognition by APC/C-Cdh1 during S phase requires the presence of both a Lys-Glu-Asn box (KEN box) and a destruction box (D box) rather than a KEN box alone. PMID: 22106309
    39. first report of full-length crystal structure of a splice variant of GLS1 in presence/absence of BPTES, an allosteric inhibitor: 2 BPTES molecules bind at interface of GLS1 tetramer; appear to lock GLS1 tetramer into nonproductive conformation PMID: 22049910
    40. Glutamine synthetase is a genetic determinant of cell type-specific glutamine independence in breast epithelia PMID: 21852960
    41. This studt demonistrated that the genetic variation in the glutaminase gene GLS1 is related the glutamine/glutamate ratio in brain. PMID: 21457947
    42. Glutaminase: a hot spot for regulation of cancer cell metabolism. PMID: 21234284
    43. Data show that the ability to selectively slow growth in cells with IDH1 mutations by inhibiting glutaminase suggesting a unique reprogramming of intermediary metabolism and a potential therapeutic strategy. PMID: 21045145
    44. This study identifies mutations in the gene sequence for glutaminase that are associated with development of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis PMID: 20820037
    45. Data suggest that glutaminase is an important factor in melanoma cell proliferation. PMID: 12579526
    46. human neutrophils appeared to utilize glutamine and posess the appropriate glutaminase enzyme for metabolizing glutamine. PMID: 14722097
    47. possible role for intestinal glutaminase in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy PMID: 15246207
    48. K glutaminase isoform is up-regulated with increased rates of proliferation in cancer cells, whereas prevalence of the L isoform seems to be related with resting or quiescent cell states PMID: 15496140
    49. c-Myc transcriptionally represses miR-23a and miR-23b, resulting in greater expression of their target protein, mitochondrial glutaminase, in human P-493 B lymphoma cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells PMID: 19219026
    50. Release of glutaminase from dysfunctional macrophages is a possible mechanism of glutaminase-mediated production of excitotoxic glutamate during the pathogenic process of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 associated dementia. PMID: 19222703

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  • 亞細胞定位：
    [Isoform 1]: Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm, cytosol.; [Isoform 3]: Mitochondrion.; [Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial 68 kDa chain]: Mitochondrion matrix.; [Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial 65 kDa chain]: Mitochondrion matrix.
  • 蛋白家族：
    Glutaminase family
  • 組織特異性：
    Isoform 1 and isoform 3 are detected in brain cortex. Isoform 3 is highly expressed in astrocytoma, ganglioglioma and ependymoma. Isoform 1 is highly expressed in brain and kidney, but not detected in liver. Isoform 3 is highly expressed in heart and panc
  • 數據庫鏈接：

    HGNC: 4331

    OMIM: 138280

    KEGG: hsa:2744

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000317379

    UniGene: Hs.116448