Human Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial(GPX4) ELISA kit

Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins. Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide. Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. The presence of selenocysteine (Sec) versus Cys at the active site is essential for life: it provides resistance to overoxidation and prevents cells against ferroptosis. The presence of Sec at the active site is also essential for the survival of a specific type of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, thereby preventing against fatal epileptic seizures. May be required to protect cells from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Essential for maturation and survival of photoreceptor cells. Plays a role in a primary T-cell response to viral and parasitic infection by protecting T-cells from ferroptosis and by supporting T-cell expansion. Plays a role of glutathione peroxidase in platelets in the arachidonic acid metabolism. Reduces hydroperoxy ester lipids formed by a 15-lipoxygenase that may play a role as down-regulator of the cellular 15-lipoxygenase pathway.

1. Crystal structure and functional characterization of selenocysteine-containing GPX4 suggests an alternative mechanism of peroxide reduction. PMID: 29883798
2. Results suggest that single nucleotide polymorphism rs713041 in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) may play a key role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). PMID: 27641822
3. Targeting Dependency on the GPX4 Lipid Peroxide Repair Pathway for Cancer Therapy. PMID: 29584411
4. The results indicate that the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs713041 in GPX4 gene could modulate the pattern of global gene expression. Supplementation with Brazil nuts can modify the gene expression of some selenoproteins depending upon the presence of genetic polymorphisms. PMID: 28696394
5. The proliferation of GPx4 siRNA-treated cells was downregulated compared with that of control siRNA-treated cells. GPx4 knockdown enhanced hydrogen peroxide- and ferrous sulfate-induced cytotoxicity. PMID: 27420751
6. High GPX4 expression is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 28653098
7. By screening peptide libraries displayed on T7 phages, and analyzing the X-ray crystal structures of the peptides, we successfully identified one peptide that binds to near Sec73 of catalytic site and two peptides that bind to another site on GPX4. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting GPX4 inhibitory peptides and their structural information. PMID: 27836545
8. use GPX4 and GPX7 as possible markers for improving HCC diagnosis/prognosis. PMID: 26708178
9. One SNP (rs3746162) in GPX4 was significantly associated with bladder cancer recurrence after transurethral resection. PMID: 25851338
10. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces oxidative stress but controls it tightly by inducing ROS scavengers. Among these, GPx4 plays an essential role in the HCV life cycle. PMID: 25516417
11. polymorphism of gene of glutathione peroxidase predisposes to more severe affection of liver and progression of chronic hepatitis C. PMID: 25884073
12. GPx4 is essential for maintaining oxidative homeostasis and keeping defense against oxidative stress in conjunctival epithelial cells. PMID: 25574043
13. Identification of truncating mutations in GPX4 in two families affected with Sedaghatian-type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. PMID: 24706940
14. GPX4c718t SNP is functional and that variants of this SNP can have detrimental consequences on endothelial function leading to a greater risk of vascular disease. PMID: 23934705
15. A membrane glycoprotein GPX4 was shown to play a significant role in gamete interactions. PMID: 24191733
16. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity is modified by single nucleotide polymorphisms in SEPP1, GPX4 and GPX1 and by estrogens. PMID: 24039907
17. neither CYBB nor GPX4 are major genetic determinants of diabetic nephropathy, but nevertheless, they could modulate in a gender-specific manner the risk for renal disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. PMID: 23919599
18. Glutathione peroxidase is a moonlighting protein that functions both as a peroxidase as well as a structural protein in mature spermatozoa. PMID: 11898409
19. GPx4, through effects on AIF, plays a major role in maintaining the oxidative phosphorylation system and protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage. PMID: 22634395
20. It was shown for the first time that the C718T polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of the GPX4 gene could be considered as a genetic marker of susceptibility to cerebral stroke in patients with essential hypertension. PMID: 22158110
21. genetic association studies in a Han Chinese population in Shaanxi province: Data indicate that 2 SNP in GPx4 (rs713041, rs4807542) and down-regulation of expression of GPx4 mRNA may be related to development of Kashin-Beck disease. PMID: 21733339
22. The SNPs of 5'-UTR region of the GPx4 gene might not be associated with oligo- or asthenozoospermic male infertility PMID: 21644221
23. the T/C variant GPX4 (rs713041) alters the pattern of selenoprotein synthesis if selenium intake is low PMID: 21459128
24. a direct role of nuclear GPx4 in the (selenium-dependent) prevention of oxidative damage in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID: 21252226
25. an examination of gene expression PMID: 12152199
26. sperm content of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase is correlated with fertility-related parameters and can be considered a predictive measure for fertilization capacity in humans PMID: 12193409
27. tissue distribution of alternatively spliced snGPx PMID: 12427732
28. data from screening of the region of the GPX4 gene corresponding to the 3'UTR show a T/C variant at position 718 that affects the levels of lymphocyte 5-lipoxygenase total products PMID: 12490284
29. Gpx-4 polymorphism cannot generally account for the correlation of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase content of sperm and fertility-related parameters. Further examination of this gene as a potential cause of infertility is warranted. PMID: 12606444
30. PhGPx can lower the peroxide tone, which might change the cellular redox environment resulting in a delay in G1 transit PMID: 12868489
31. GPX4 up-regulates arachidonate metabolism in a epidermoid carcinoma tumor cell line. PMID: 12958179
32. lipids, cytokines and antioxidants modulate GPx4 in a complex manner that in the presence of adequate selenium, may favour protection against potentially proatherogenic processes. PMID: 14642406
33. No statistically significant differences for glutathione peroxidase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were encountered between normal values and those of asthenozoospermic patients. PMID: 15149466
34. Sperm nucleus PHGPx expression is mediated by the transcription factor CREM-tau, which acts as a cis-acting element localized in the first intron of the PHGPx gene. PMID: 15225122
35. This review addresses the role of mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in the regulation of apoptosis. PMID: 15256721
36. PHGPx modulates the induction of MMP-1 and collagenase. PMID: 15308634
37. Intracellular sperm GSH system components GPX-4 and GSH are altered in infertile men, and these alterations seem to be linked to sperm morphology. PMID: 15474074
38. Increased activities of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase is associated with cerebral palsy PMID: 15978628
39. Oligoasthenozoospermia is associated with a decrease in the level of expression of PHGPx in the spermatozoa of some infertile men but is not linked to mutations in PHGPx gene. PMID: 16872467
40. we investigated both GPx-4 activity and localization in subcellular fractions of human platelets. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy localized mainly GPx-4 to membranes of activated platelets in contrast to cytoplasm in the resting cells. PMID: 17020817
41. Role for selenium in risk of lung cancer and independent regulation of GPX4 in a tumor cell line. PMID: 17052796
42. Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase expression is downregulated in poorly differentiated breast invasive ductal carcinoma PMID: 17516241
43. Results show the he crystal structure of the catalytically active U46C mutant of GPx4 and site-directed mutagenesis revealed amino acid residues important for catalysis and covalent protein polymerization. PMID: 17630701
44. These data provide strong support for the hypothesis that common variation in GPX4 is associated with prognosis after a diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID: 17634480
45. The GPX4c718t SNP both alters protein binding to the 3'UTR in vitro and influences the concentration of lymphocyte GPx4 and other selenoproteins in vivo PMID: 18400727
46. No significant risk for GPX4 in colorectal adenoma. PMID: 18483336
47. Short form Gpx4 protein is present in mitochondria and is essential for survival and protection against apoptosis, whereas the long form Gpx4 protein is important for male fertility. PMID: 19744930

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[Isoform Mitochondrial]: Mitochondrion.; [Isoform Cytoplasmic]: Cytoplasm.

Glutathione peroxidase family

Present primarily in testis. Expressed in platelets (at protein level).

HGNC: 4556

OMIM: 138322

KEGG: hsa:2879

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000346103

UniGene: Hs.433951