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了解激素:預(yù)防和治療多種疾病的關(guān)鍵

1、什么是激素

激素是由內(nèi)分泌腺或其他細(xì)胞分泌的一類生物活性分子,它們能夠通過血液或淋巴液循環(huán)到達(dá)身體的各個(gè)部位,從而調(diào)節(jié)生理過程。激素的種類非常多,包括甲狀腺激素、胰島素、雌激素和孕激素、睪酮、腎上腺素和去甲腎上腺素、生長激素等等,它們在人體內(nèi)起到不同的作用,如調(diào)節(jié)代謝、生長發(fā)育、生殖、免疫和應(yīng)激等 [1]。


2、人體內(nèi)常見激素

人體內(nèi)常見的激素包括甲狀腺激素、胰島素、雌激素和孕激素、睪酮、腎上腺素和去甲腎上腺素、生長激素等。

下丘腦(Hypothalamus)
腦垂體(Pituitary gland)
胸腺(Thymus)
肝臟(Liver)
腎上腺(Adrenal gland)
卵巢(Ovary)
子宮(Uterus)
松果體(Pineal gland)
甲狀腺(Thyroid gland)
胃(Stomach)
胰島(Pancreas)
腎臟(Kidney)
睪丸(Testes)

圖:人體各器官分泌激素一覽表

甲狀腺激素是由甲狀腺分泌的激素,包括甲狀腺素(T4)和三碘甲狀腺原氨酸(T3),它們在體內(nèi)的作用類似于加速器,可以調(diào)節(jié)身體的基礎(chǔ)代謝率,影響心率、體溫、消化、呼吸等多個(gè)生理過程,同時(shí)也對(duì)大腦、骨骼、肌肉等組織的發(fā)育和功能有重要的影響。甲狀腺激素水平的異常,無論是過高還是過低,都可能導(dǎo)致各種疾病和不適 [2]。

華美生物可提供小鼠、牛、雞、魚等各種屬的甲狀腺素(T4)和三碘甲狀腺原氨酸(T3)的ELISA檢測試劑盒,產(chǎn)品列表如下:

Target Product Name Code
T3 Bovine Tri-iodothyronine,T3 ELISA Kit CSB-E13049B
Chicken Tri-iodothyronine,T3 ELISA Kit CSB-E13270C
Fish Tri-iodothyronine,T3 ELISA Kit CSB-E08488f
Mouse Tri-iodothyronine,T3 ELISA Kit CSB-E05086m
Mouse Free Tri-iodothyronine,Free-T3 ELISA Kit CSB-E05077m
T4 Bovine thyroxine,T4 ELISA Kit CSB-E13050B
Canine thyroxine,T4 ELISA Kit CSB-E07288c
Chicken thyroxine (T4) ELISA Kit CSB-E15787C
Fish Thyroxine,T4 ELISA Kit CSB-E08489f
Horse thyroxine (T4) ELISA kit CSB-EQ027512HO
Monkey thyroxine (T4) ELISA kit CSB-EQ027512MK
Mouse thyroxine,T4 ELISA Kit CSB-E05083m
Rat thyroxine,T4 ELISA Kit CSB-E05082r
Fish free thyroxine (FT4) ELISA kit CSB-EQF027512FI
Mouse Free Thyroxine,FT4 ELISA Kit CSB-E05080m
Rat Free Thyroxine,FT4 ELISA Kit CSB-E05079r

胰島素是由胰腺β細(xì)胞分泌的激素,它能夠促進(jìn)葡萄糖的吸收和利用,維持血糖平衡 [3]。當(dāng)我們吃東西后,食物中的碳水化合物被消化并轉(zhuǎn)化為葡萄糖進(jìn)入血液循環(huán)。血液中的葡萄糖水平升高會(huì)刺激胰腺分泌胰島素,胰島素會(huì)促進(jìn)體內(nèi)細(xì)胞對(duì)葡萄糖的攝取和利用,并促進(jìn)肝臟、肌肉和脂肪組織合成和儲(chǔ)存糖原。通過這些機(jī)制,胰島素可以降低血糖水平,保持血糖在正常范圍內(nèi)。胰島素在糖代謝和能量代謝中起著重要的作用,同時(shí)也與脂肪代謝、蛋白質(zhì)代謝和生長發(fā)育等方面密切相關(guān)。

華美生物所提供的各種屬胰島素ELISA檢測試劑盒如下表:

Target Product Name Code
INS Fish Insulin,INS ELISA Kit CSB-E12123Fh
Guinea pig insulin (INS) ELISA kit CSB-EL011742GU
Human Insulin,INS ELISA Kit CSB-E05069h
Human Proinsulin,PI ELISA Kit CSB-E08345h
Monkey Insulin,INS ELISA Kit CSB-E10047Mo
Mouse Insulin,INS ELISA Kit CSB-E05071m
Rat Insulin,INS ELISA Kit CSB-E05070r
Sheep Insulin(INS) ELISA Kit CSB-E17044Sh

雌激素(Estrogen)孕激素(Progesterone)是由卵巢分泌的激素,在女性的生殖和生理周期中起著重要的作用 [4]

● 雌激素在女性生殖系統(tǒng)和全身范圍內(nèi)都扮演著重要的角色。在女性生殖系統(tǒng)中,雌激素促進(jìn)了卵子的發(fā)育和成熟,并且調(diào)節(jié)了子宮內(nèi)膜的生長和分化,同時(shí)還影響了陰道的生理狀態(tài)。在全身范圍內(nèi),雌激素參與了骨骼代謝、脂肪代謝、心血管系統(tǒng)、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)等多個(gè)方面的生理過程。

● 孕激素是卵巢在月經(jīng)周期后期分泌的激素,它的主要作用是為著床的受精卵提供適宜的生長環(huán)境。孕激素可以促進(jìn)子宮內(nèi)膜的分化和增厚,并且阻止了子宮收縮,從而維持了妊娠的穩(wěn)定。此外,孕激素還參與了女性生殖系統(tǒng)、免疫系統(tǒng)等多個(gè)生理過程。

華美生物提供人雌激素ELISA試劑盒及牛、貓、雞、人、猴等多個(gè)種屬的孕激素ELISA檢測試劑盒,列舉如下表:

Target Product Name Code
E Human estrogen,E ELISA Kit CSB-E07286h
PROG Bovine progesterone,PROG ELISA Kit CSB-E08172b
Canine Progesterone,PROG ELISA kit CSB-E07285c
Chicken progesterone,PROG ELISA Kit CSB-E12012C
Horse Progesterone(PROG) ELISA kit CSB-E13183Hs
Human Progesterone,PROG ELISA kit CSB-E07283h
Monkey Progesterone(PROG) ELISA Kit CSB-E13352Mk
Mouse Progesterone,PROG ELISA Kit CSB-E05104m
Pig progesterone,PROG ELISA Kit CSB-E12869p
Rat Progesterone,PROG ELISA kit CSB-E07282r
Sheep Progesterone(PROG) ELISA Kit CSB-E13176Sh

睪酮(Testosterone)是一種男性激素,屬于雄激素類激素,是睪丸分泌的主要激素之一 [5]。它對(duì)男性的性發(fā)育、生殖功能、性欲、肌肉質(zhì)量、骨密度等方面具有重要作用。女性體內(nèi)也會(huì)分泌少量的睪酮,對(duì)于維持其生殖系統(tǒng)健康、性欲等方面也有一定的作用。

華美生物提供多種種屬(包括人、鼠、豬、狗、牛等)的睪酮ELISA檢測試劑盒,用于檢測血清、血漿、尿液等樣品中的睪酮水平。

Target Product Name Code
T Rat Testosterone,T ELISA Kit CSB-E05100r
Mouse Testosterone,T ELISA Kit CSB-E05101m
Fish Testosterone(T) ELISA Kit CSB-E17554Fh
Chicken Testosterone (T) ELISA Kit CSB-E12797C
Bovine Testosterone(T) ELISA Kit CSB-E13194B
Canine Testosterone (T) ELISA Kit CSB-E06893c
Pig Testosterone,T ELISA Kit CSB-E06796p
Rabbit Testosterone,T ELISA Kit CSB-E06927Rb
Human Testosterone,T ELISA Kit CSB-E05099h
Monkey Testosterone(T)ELISA Kit CSB-E16337Mk

腎上腺素(Adrenaline)去甲腎上腺素(Noradrenaline)是由腎上腺髓質(zhì)分泌的兩種激素。它們都是兒茶酚胺類激素,起到調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體應(yīng)激反應(yīng)和維持機(jī)體內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定等重要作用 [6]。腎上腺素促進(jìn)心率、呼吸、血糖升高等應(yīng)激反應(yīng);而去甲腎上腺素則在調(diào)節(jié)血壓、血糖、血脂等方面發(fā)揮作用,同時(shí)也具有一定的鎮(zhèn)靜作用。華美生物相關(guān)ELISA檢測試劑盒如下表:

Target Product Name Code
T Human Noradrenaline,NA ELISA Kit CSB-E07021h
Mouse Noradrenaline,NA ELISA Kit CSB-E07870m
Rat Noradrenaline,NA ELISA Kit CSB-E07022r
EPI Human Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit CSB-E08677h
Mouse Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit CSB-E08679m
Rat Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit CSB-E08678r

生長激素(human growth hormone,簡稱HGH),是一種由垂體腺分泌的蛋白質(zhì)激素,主要作用是促進(jìn)生長和維持機(jī)體正常代謝 [7]。它能刺激肝臟產(chǎn)生一種生長因子,即胰島素樣生長因子(IGF-1),從而促進(jìn)骨骼和肌肉生長、增加蛋白質(zhì)合成、減少脂肪存儲(chǔ)等作用。此外,生長激素還具有增強(qiáng)免疫力、改善睡眠、增加心肺功能等作用。生長激素的分泌主要受到神經(jīng)、代謝、營養(yǎng)等多種因素的影響。華美生物生長激素ELISA檢測試劑盒如下表:

Target Product Name Code
GH Bovine growth hormone,GH ELISA Kit CSB-E13443B
Chicken growth hormone,GH ELISA KIT CSB-E09866Ch
Dog growth hormone,GH ELISA Kit CSB-E14962c
Fish growth hormone,GH ELISA Kit CSB-E12121Fh
Horse growth hormone,GH ELISA Kit CSB-E11242Eq
Rat growth hormone,GH ELISA KIT CSB-E07342r

3、激素的分泌與調(diào)節(jié)

激素分泌的機(jī)制主要是通過負(fù)反饋機(jī)制來實(shí)現(xiàn)。負(fù)反饋機(jī)制是指當(dāng)激素濃度升高時(shí),會(huì)抑制相應(yīng)激素的分泌,從而使激素濃度維持在一定范圍內(nèi)。例如,甲狀腺激素的分泌受到下丘腦-垂體-甲狀腺軸的調(diào)節(jié),當(dāng)血液中的甲狀腺激素水平升高時(shí),會(huì)抑制下丘腦和垂體的分泌,從而降低甲狀腺激素的合成和分泌 [8]

激素分泌的調(diào)節(jié)受到多種因素的影響,包括神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境因素、生理狀態(tài)和其他激素等。例如,下丘腦-垂體-腎上腺軸受到壓力和應(yīng)激的調(diào)節(jié),當(dāng)人體處于應(yīng)激狀態(tài)時(shí),下丘腦會(huì)釋放促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素釋放激素,從而刺激垂體前葉分泌促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素,促使腎上腺皮質(zhì)分泌腎上腺素和去甲腎上腺素 [9]。


4、激素檢測技術(shù)

激素的檢測技術(shù)主要包括ELISA檢測法、放射免疫分析法、質(zhì)譜分析法和生物傳感器技術(shù)等。其中,ELISA檢測法是一種快速、準(zhǔn)確、靈敏度高的檢測技術(shù),廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床醫(yī)學(xué)和生物科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,包括激素、蛋白質(zhì)、抗體等生物大分子的檢測 [10]。華美生物開發(fā)了一系列的激素相關(guān)ELISA試劑盒,如甲狀腺激素ELISA試劑盒、胰島素ELISA試劑盒、雌激素和孕激素ELISA試劑盒等,可廣泛應(yīng)用于科研領(lǐng)域。


5、華美激素檢測相關(guān)產(chǎn)品

華美生物提供17個(gè)種屬的192種激素檢測試劑盒,協(xié)助您進(jìn)行相關(guān)研究。

篩選
Species:
Code Product Name Sensitivity Detection Range Abbreviation Species
CSB-E05087h Human 17-Hydroxyprogesterone,17-OHP ELISA Kit 17-OHP Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E04486h Human Activin A,ACV-A ELISA Kit 3.9 pg/mL 15.6 pg/mL-1000 pg/mL ACV-A Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E12756h Human anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) ELISA kit 15.6 pg/mL 62.5 pg/mL-4000 pg/mL AMH Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E09080h Human antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin/arginine vasopressin,ADH/VP/AVP ELISA Kit 0.312 pg/mL 1.25 pg/mL-80 pg/mL AVP Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E05111h Human Cortisol ELISA Kit 0.049 ng/mL 0.049 ng/mL-200 ng/mL COR Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E06872h Human corticotropin releasing hormone,CRH ELISA Kit 1 ng/mL 1 ng/mL-40 ng/mL CRH Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E07878h Human Dihydrotestosterone,DHT ELISA Kit 5 pg/mL 10 pg/mL-2000 pg/mL DHT Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E07286h Human estrogen,E ELISA Kit 25 pg/mL 25 pg/mL-1000 pg/mL E Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E05108h Human Estradiol,E2 ELISA Kit 40 pg/mL 40 pg/mL-1000 pg/mL E2 Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E08677h Human Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit 1 pg/mL 2 pg/mL-400 pg/mL EPI Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E06867h Human follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH ELISA Kit FSH Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-EL009408HU Human Growth hormone variant(GH2) ELISA kit 33 pg/mL 133 pg/mL-4000 pg/mL GH2 Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E15803h Human Hyperglycosylated Chorionic Gonadotropin(hCG) ELISA Kit 0.167 mIU/mL 0.67 mIU/mL-20 mIU/mL hCG Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E05060h Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin,HCG ELISA Kit 2 mIU/mL 8 mIU/mL-240 mIU/mL hCG Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E08237h Human Inhibin A,INH-A ELISA Kit 0.2 pg/mL 0.4 pg/mL-80 pg/mL INHA Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E08149h Human inhibin B,INH-B ELISA Kit 2 pg/mL 4 pg/mL-800 pg/mL INH-B Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E05069h Human Insulin,INS ELISA Kit INS Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E04649h Human Leptin,LEP ELISA kit 0.060 ng/mL 0.156 ng/mL-10 ng/mL LEP Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E12690h Human luteinizing hormone (LH) ELISA kit LH Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E08132h Human Melatonin,MT ELISA Kit 1.56 pg/mL 6.25 pg/mL-400 pg/mL MT Homo sapiens (Human)

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1] Tsigos C, Chrousos GP. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53(4):865-871.

[2] Maccario M, Grottoli S, Procopio M, et al. The GH/IGF-I axis in the regulation of natural killer cell function and cytokine secretion: effects of aging and exercise. Mech Ageing Dev. 2002;123(8):1089-1101.

[3] Prossnitz ER, Arterburn JB, Sklar LA. GPR30: A G protein-coupled receptor for estrogen. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007;265-266:138-142.

[4] Farid M, Farid T. Adrenaline. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021.

[5] Kars M, Yang L, Gregor MF, et al. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid may improve liver and muscle but not adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in obese men and women. Diabetes. 2010;59(8):1899-1905.

[6] De Rosa M, Zarrilli S, Paesano L, et al. Traffic pollutants affect fertility in men. Hum Reprod. 2003;18(5):1055-1061.

[7] Onsrud M. Hormones in Milk. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2005;4(3):40-51.

[8] Mullur R, Liu YY, Brent GA. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2014;94(2):355-382.

[9] Charmandari E, Tsigos C, Chrousos G. Endocrinology of the stress response. Annu Rev Physiol. 2005;67:259-284.

[10] Raff H. Utility of salivary cortisol measurements in Cushing's syndrome and adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(10):3647-3655.